Over the past few years, CBD has become the main star in the cannabis show. Everyone seems to be talking about the therapeutic properties and potential of this amazing cannabinoid. But just what is CBD?
What is CBD? How is it Different from Cannabis?
CBD, also known as cannabidiol, is one of over a hundred cannabinoids found in the cannabis plant. CBD exists in both the cannabis plant and its close relative, the hemp plant. The overwhelming majority of cannabis strains feature THC as their dominant cannabinoid, but certain cannabis cultivars have been specifically bred to produce much more CBD than THC. Cannabidiol is usually extracted from these plants and converted into concentrated tinctures, oils, and edibles that are easier to consume.
While CBD comes from cannabis, it is a non-intoxicating cannabinoid that should not be associated with the mind-altering effects of cannabis. CBD simply can not get you ‘high’ or ‘buzzed’ like THC-dominant cannabis strains and products do.
When ingested, CBD is known for producing a sense of calm and relaxation. Many people find that these effects are great for soothing the mind and chasing away anxious thoughts or feelings. But research indicates that CBD actually has many more potential therapeutic uses including for the treatment of pain, inflammation, anxiety, epilepsy, and more.
How Does CBD Work?
CBD’s activity within the brain and body is actually quite complex and it’s extremely hard to pin down the exact biological pathways that CBD uses to produce its effects. While we have some understanding of how this incredible compound works within the human body, much more research needs to be done in order to see the full picture.
When ingested, CBD interacts with several different proteins in the central and peripheral nervous systems, some of which make up part of the body’s inner endocannabinoid system (ECS). CBD is believed to interact with receptor proteins like TRPV1, TPVR2, GPR3, and GPR6, while also binding to both CB1 and CB2 receptors, the two most abundant protein cell receptors in the ECS.
Since TRPV1 ‘vanilloid receptors’ have been known to mediate inflammation and pain perception, it’s possible that some of CBD’s anti-inflammatory effects come from its ability to bind to these receptors/ion channels.
Additionally, at high concentrations, CBD has also been found to activate 5-HT1A serotonin receptors, producing an anti-anxiety effect in the process. 5-HT1A receptors, which are usually activated by the neurotransmitter serotonin, have been implicated in numerous neurological and biological processes including anxiety, appetite, sleep, and more.
CBD is thought to work best when combined with THC as part of the entourage effect.
Safety and Side Effects
One of the reasons why so many people have been so quick to adopt CBD as part of their wellness regimen is its minimal side effect profile. CBD is generally well-tolerated and most side effects are relatively rare and relatively minor.
Some of the most common side effects of CBD include dry mouth, fatigue, diarrhea, loss of appetite, and changes in coordination. Higher doses of CBD have been associated with liver injury in some people, although this is rare. Furthermore, it’s not recommended to take CBD alongside certain antidepressant medications or while pregnant and breastfeeding. It’s important to note that the higher the dose of the CBD, the higher the likelihood of side effects.